Reading the convention: each pair is quoted base / quote — the number is how many units of the second currency buy one unit of the first. A rising number always favors the currency named first. So a higher EUR/USD or GBP/USD means a weaker dollar (more dollars per euro or pound), while a higher USD/JPY or USD/CNY means a stronger dollar. DXY is the dollar’s own index — up = stronger. The “dollar today” column applies that rule to each 1-day move.

Fiscal year 2026 closed with total public debt outstanding at $40.172 trillion (Sept 30, 2026), and that is the figure the chart’s final point shows, labelled FY26 at $40.2T. By the owner’s choice the chart stays a fiscal-year chart: the running fiscal 2027 total is reported here rather than plotted. The latest posting is Oct 27’s $40.582 trillion, a new high: up $53.9 billion in a day, as debt held by the public rose $42.1 billion and intragovernmental holdings $11.8 billion. Debt held by the public was $32.68 trillion and intragovernmental holdings $7.90 trillion, both dated Oct 27. The total has risen about $410 billion since the Sep 30 close of fiscal 2026. CBO estimates debt held by the public at about 100% of GDP at the end of FY2026, closing on the 1946 wartime record of about 106%. It took 192 years to reach the first $1 trillion; the jump from $39T to $40T took about five months. Note this is the cumulative total — the running tab of all past borrowing — not the single-year deficit. On that front, CBO’s full-year Monthly Budget Review (Oct 8) puts the FY2026 deficit at $1.993 trillion, $218 billion (12%) larger than FY2025’s $1.775 trillion. Receipts rose 3% to $5.403 trillion; outlays rose 6% to $7.396 trillion. That settles the question the eleven-month figures left open: the August review’s apparent $6 billion improvement was a payment-timing artifact, and the full year shows a clearly larger deficit. Treasury’s own year-end statement was reported at $1.992 trillion (Vista Partners, citing Yahoo Finance), consistent with CBO; it was not checked against the statement itself. Read the panel against the U.S. tab: the FOMC held the policy rate at 3.75-4.00% on Oct 28 by a 10–2 vote, with a December hike priced at roughly 81–86% (post-decision CME FedWatch reads); the 30-year closed at 5.37% (Oct 28), and every dollar of this total eventually refinances at whatever the curve says.

Net interest is what Treasury pays on debt held outside the government — it excludes interest credited to federal trust funds such as Social Security, so it runs smaller than the gross figure but is the one that actually competes with other spending. For the full fiscal year 2026 it was $1.143 trillion, up $115 billion or 11% from $1.028 trillion in FY2025; CBO attributes the rise to a larger debt and higher long-term rates, partly offset by lower short-term rates. It was the second-largest line in the budget behind Social Security ($1.654 trillion), ahead of Medicare ($1.069 trillion) and Defense Department military spending ($916 billion). The gross figure — which also counts interest the government pays itself — runs higher: $1.268 trillion over the first eleven months of FY2026 and about $1.36 trillion over the twelve months to August; the full-year gross figure has not yet been re-pulled. Net is the sharper read on the fiscal squeeze. Note: before the full-year review these tiles showed CBO’s eleven-month figure ($1.052 trillion, +12%); they now show the full fiscal year, so the change in the growth rate is a change of period, not of trend.